When, in 1964, Fran?oise Gilot published Life with Picasso, a
forthright memoir of her 10-year relationship with the Spanish artist,
Roy Lichtenstein turned to his then girlfriend, Letty Eisenhauer, and
said: “I worry about the day that you do a Gilot to my Picasso.”
He
needn’t have fretted. Eisenhauer – who lived with Lichtenstein for two
years in the mid-Sixties when she was a graduate student and he was
creating some of his most memorable and important works – has never
written about their time together. Indeed, now 77 years old, she hasn’t
even spoken in public about her relationship with Lichtenstein — until
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On
the eve of a major new retrospective of Lichtenstein’s work at Tate
Modern, I called Eisenhauer in New York last week to find out more about
her ex-boyfriend, whose work sells today for tens of millions of
pounds. In May 2012, his Sleeping Girl – painted in 1964, the year Life
magazine published an article about him beneath the headline: “Is He the
Worst Artist in the US?” – sold at auction for a record $44.9?million
(£27.8? million).
Lichtenstein was already 37 when he created
his seminal Pop work Look Mickey (1961), an oil painting measuring 48 by
69 inches in which Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse are shown fishing on a
jetty. By then, he had been painting for more than a decade, but his
earlier Cubistic canvases of cowboys on bucking broncos and American
Indians hadn’t generated much excitement. Nor had his abstract paintings
of the late Fifties. To make ends meet, he taught art and rattled
through a succession of short-term jobs: selling silver jewellery,
designing window displays for department stores, creating mosaic tables.
The turning point in his career came in the spring of 1960 when
he became assistant professor of art at Douglass College at Rutgers
University in New Jersey. While there, he was greatly influenced by a
colleague, the charismatic, pioneering American artist and theorist
Allan Kaprow, who persuaded Lichtenstein that so-called vernacular or
everyday things — such as Walt Disney cartoon characters — could be
legitimate artistic subject matter. “Art doesn’t have to look like art,”
Kaprow told him.
If Lichtenstein is considered the architect of
Pop art, then Look Mickey is the movement’s foundation stone. According
to the art historian James Rondeau, who co-curated the Tate exhibition,
the painting “feels like Athena sprung [fully formed] from the head of
Zeus”. Here, as if from nowhere, are the hallmarks of Lichtenstein’s
mature Pop style: a limited palette of even, primary colours; thick,TBC
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from factories in China. dark outlines; small dots (blue for the
“whites” of Donald’s eyes and pinkish-red for Mickey’s face) to simulate
the representational techniques of cheap commercial printing; the
fusion of “high” and “low”, as everyday imagery intrudes upon the ivory
tower of fine art.
As soon as Eisenhauer saw the work, she
recognised it as something special. “There was no question,” she says.
“Everybody knew it was very important — you’d have to be an idiot not to
know that. We’d been sucked into the Abstract-Expressionist world for
so long, and this was such a breakthrough. I told Roy, the place to take
this is to Leo Castelli, because Castelli was the best gallery in New
York.”
Lichtenstein wasn’t the only American artist painting
cartoons in 1961: a shy, listless commercial illustrator called Andy
Warhol was already appropriating Superman, Dick Tracy, Batman and Popeye
into his pictures. Both artists petitioned Castelli for representation,
but the urbane dealer plumped for Lichtenstein. If he hadn’t, the
history of Pop art would be very different: the following year he hosted
the sell-out solo show that would make Lichtenstein’s name.
“Andy
and Roy were in competition — both had paintings in the back room at
the gallery,” says Eisenhauer.We maintain a full inventory of all lanyard
we manufacture. “I knew Roy, because I had been working with him at
Rutgers, so I took Ileana Sonnabend, Leo’s former wife and the person
who really understood art and originally advised Leo about artists, to
visit him. Ileana bought paintings from Roy that day. After he found out
about the purchases, Leo wisely followed his former wife’s lead, and
made his decision to take on Roy, not Andy. Leo was upset that Roy had
already sold several paintings of what was later called Pop art. This
was when Roy was still an innocent. That day, I remember Roy turning to
me and asking, ‘If I take these cheques to the bank, will I get money
for them?’ It was a far cry from several years later when we were in
Europe and setting up a Swiss bank account.”
At this point,
Lichtenstein and Eisenhauer, who was born in 1935 and grew up in New
Jersey, were friends rather than lovers. Indeed, Lichtenstein was still
married to his first wife Isabel Wilson (an interior designer),Panasonic
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“Things
weren’t going well, but I didn’t know that,” says Eisenhauer, who left
her job at Douglass College, and moved to a loft on Lispenard Street in
Lower Manhattan, where she tried to make it as a sculptor. “Roy would
show up in New York for art events, and he would try to put the moves on
me. Once, when I rebuffed him, he said to me: ‘You’re really straight,
aren’t you?’ And I said: ‘Yes, and you’re a married man!’ I’ll never
forget it.”
In the autumn of 1961, Lichtenstein demanded a trial
separation from Isabel, who was by then suffering from alcoholism,We
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After a failed attempt at reconciliation the following summer, the
couple sold the family home in Highland Park, New Jersey, in the autumn
of 1963, and Isabel moved with the children to Princeton.
Shortly
afterwards, Lichtenstein attended a dinner party at Eisenhauer’s loft.
“I remember it as if it were today,” she says. “Everyone was dancing,
but I was sitting at the table. Suddenly Roy was sitting next to me and
his hand was on top of mine. He’d left Isabel, so he was a free man. He
just held my hand. And then the evening was over. Right after that, he
called and asked me out.”
Within weeks, Eisenhauer had moved
into the second-floor studio on 26th Street where Lichtenstein lived and
worked after his second separation from Isabel. They lived together
until the summer of 1965, while Eisenhauer was a graduate student at
Columbia University. Had she fallen in love? “Oh yes, I adored him,”
Eisenhauer says. “He was not only funny, but also sexy, very sweet, and
there was no apparent meanness.” They socialised with other artists. “We
had a group that included [Claes] Oldenburg and [James] Rosenquist —
all of these nutty people who were part of the Pop scene. And we would
go ice-skating once a week. Then someone would say, I’ll cook dinner —
so we got into gourmet dinners. Finally it ended up with Roy and
somebody having a cannoli-eating contest — to see who could eat the
most.”
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