When Bridget Riley first started to make abstract paintings –
beginning in 1961 with her chequerboard composition Movement in Squares –
she banished colour from her art, using only black and white. It was
six years later, in 1967, that she began introducing colour to her
dazzling geometric compositions. This week, the painter, one of
Britain's most revered living artists, has become the first Briton and
the first woman to win the Sikkens prize, a Dutch award recognising the
use of colour.
Previous winners include US artist Donald Judd,
but also the Paris street-cleaning department, "for the consistent use
of the colour green", and, in the 1970s, hippies, "for the exuberant use
of colour as a playful aspect in human society".
In a rare
interview, Riley, 81, spoke about the use of colour in her work, which
was dubbed "op art", a pun on the pop art movement,The stone mosaic
comes in shiny polished and matte. in the 1960s. "In my years after
leaving art school, I found a way of learning about the use of use of
colour in modern art by copying a Seurat," she said, referring to
Georges Seurat's Bridge at Courbevoie, in the Courtauld Institute. "It
was the landscape of a river and its banks in autumn. I copied it from a
reproduction, because it is much easier to copy when one is not
intimidated by the presence of a masterwork. I learned lessons about how
colours behave through interaction when placed next to each other.
"And then, on a very spectacular summer day looking over a valley near Siena,Purelink's real time location system
protect healthcare workers in their daily practices and OMEGA
interventions. sparkling and shimmering in the heat, I made my own
attempt. I made studies, and later, a painting. I was quite pleased, in
fact, with what I'd been able to do, but it had nothing to do with what I
had actually experienced in front of this landscape …
"So I
decided to start again to find a new beginning – to start from the
themes themselves, that is to say, shapes, lines, and so on. That led to
my making a black-and-white painting and seeing what it would do: and
it moved."
That was Movement in Squares. The abstract works, in
fact, began to possess some of the qualities Riley had discerned in that
Tuscan heat haze: "Movement, shimmering, sparkling and reflecting … all
those things that happen in landscape."
The apparently stern,
self-imposed restrictions, such as the initial lack of colour and the
gradual introduction of elements such as the curve, had been huge aids
to her, she said. "Too much freedom is terrifying. The first thing
Stravinsky would do was to set himself limits in his work. If he still
felt inhibited by freedom, he set himself more limits." In a 2009 essay
for the London Review of Books,Find detailed product information for howo spareparts
and other products. Riley quoted the composer's words: "The more
constraints one imposes, the more one frees one's self of the chains
that shackle the spirit."
Asked about the difference between
abstract and figurative art, she said: "Many people would like to know
how to look at abstract painting because they may be used to looking at
figurative painting.The oreck XL professional air purifier,
But I personally believe they are all about painting itself. The big
difference is conventions of looking." Certain arrangements of paint
suggest figures or objects, she said, through tacitly agreed conventions
– but in the end, all painting is about relationships of colour, shape
and line, whether abstract or figurative.
Abstraction and
figuration, she said, share the capacity to offer a spiritual experience
to the viewer. "One of the most extraordinary things to look at is a
painting of heaven and the celestial hosts and the mother of God – these
are themes that artists gave as an experience of spiritual matters to
their audience. In its best form, [abstract] painting offers a spiritual
experience. It's very hard to define what that might precisely mean,
and one shouldn't try."
To mark the prize, an exhibition of
Riley's art has opened at the Gemeentemuseum in The Hague, including a
new 20-metre wall painting executed by assistants, as is usual in her
work. "I hope people will find things in it to look at," she said. "It
has a variety of relationships, a variety of passages in it. There are
things to find in it, I hope, just as there are in a landscape
painting."
Riley has long had a serious relationship with the
Old Masters: one of her important student works was a copy of Jan van
Eyck's Portrait of a Man, a possible self-portrait in which the sitter
is dressed in a red turban, and, in 2010, the National Gallery held an
exhibition setting her work alongside paintings by artists including
Raphael and Mantegna.
Asked about her impressions of the
contemporary art scene of today – larger by far and more widely
recognised by the public than when Riley began her career in the 1960s –
she chose to talk about the Renaissance. "Contemporary art is not a new
thing," she said. "Every period has its contemporary wing. In the
Renaissance the practice of painting would have been a much bigger
thing.
"Many people would have been painting, for religious
works, for festivals, for processions; painting churches, carriages,
chests, boats. There would have been an extraordinary amount of
brushwork and decoration. These things furnished a platform for high
art, as it were, but no one set out to be a fine artist.We have a wide
selection of dry cabinet
to choose from for your storage needs. Some individuals simply raised
their bar, or got more ambitious. There will always be people born with
talent, with gifts, with minds that seek new experiences, generation
after generation."
沒有留言:
張貼留言